Profit Leverage Effect of Logistics and Cost Saving Opportunities Essay

Coordinations was at first a military term however since the 1960s it has developed and covers different quantities of practical territories, for example, overseeing crude materials and stock, treatment of work in progress, putting away and conveying of completed products. It likewise incorporates client support, request guaging, plant/distribution center site determination, traffic and transportation. Since it affects the majority of the exercises held inside an association, it impacts the benefits made. An ongoing US study found that coordinations represents 10% of the Gross Domestic Profit (GDP) and that around 56 pennies out of each dollar of income is spent on dealing with the buying of products and services.â The procedure is long yet once took care of right can run easily and can demonstrate helpful to the association. An association can't be serious and endeavor in this furiously serious corporate world till it conveys finished results or administrations of the ideal quality to its clients at the opportune time, ideal spot and at a value the client feels is sensible. The best approach to feasible serious edge lies in improving coordinations. Along these lines to keep up benefit income, it is significant for firms to oversee coordinations effectively. On the off chance that a picked provider neglects to convey the necessary crude material of a concurred on quality level at the opportune time then the firm will bring about extra costs as higher piece rate, wastage and direct work. Brief conveyance is required to stay away from expensive rescheduling of creation in any case productivity will be diminished. So as to keep up benefit levels it is significant for firms not exclusively to fulfill clients however to charm them. This again turns into a piece of the associations coordinations. To accomplish this not just quick and dependable conveyance of great products yet in addition creative structure and dissemination of thoughts is basic. Firms weight on coordinations to make separation by furnishing its clients with one of a kind items that are hard to be imitated by contenders. Coordinations is considered as the last purpose of contact between the association and its client thus utilizing fruitful coordinations prompts cost decrease, expanded consumer loyalty and piece of the overall industry thus in the end higher benefits. Low absolute item or administration cost is noteworthy in coordinations with the goal that the firm can have a serious edge in the market. There are numerous chances to accomplish sensational cost reserve funds however to accomplish this, vision and difficult work is required. Firms can do this by organizing the various pieces of the flexibly chain. Divisions inside firms, for example, acquirement official, producing, legitimate and R&D administrators need to work in a cross-utilitarian way and advance joint cost-sparing tasks. Probably the greatest open door for cost sparing is to decrease the measure of stock which will consequently drive costs down. This should be possible by Just-in-time stock administration that underlines on consistent improvement. For this, it is significant for firms to create solid relationship with few, dependable providers who convey crude material in time.  Also Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, one of the regular methods is utilized to control stock. Re-appropriating is frequently used to move a portion of the interior exercises of a firm to an outside merchant to accomplish more prominent proficiency and specialization. It is likewise utilized as a strategy to fulfill unforeseen needs that organizations can't deal with. Wastage can be dispensed with through spotlight on what the clients need. This should be possible by constant improvement utilizing Lean Production. It underscores on client center. More prominent efficiencies can be practiced through utilization of innovation apparatuses that can empower the acquisition of low worth, generally safe merchandise and ventures. With the use of database frameworks, superfluous desk work can be dispensed with, and ongoing information can be gotten to. Utilization of E-Commerce to follow stock and organize pickup and conveyance for end clients can be an incredible cost sparing chance. This has been embraced by Cisco and FedEx. Various options of conveyance means, for example, shipping, airfreight, transportation, and railways ought to be continually assessed. Utilization of Excel OM and Production and Operation Management (POM) for Windows’ empowers firms to effectively get ready for the anticipated interest. Further, programming like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) including Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) give firms incredible chance to save money on costs. Gantt Charts are helpful for stacking and planning. It keeps firms from superfluous postponements in work. Quality is one viewpoint that organizations stress on because of developing mindfulness for better quality merchandise among clients. This should be possible by executing Total Quality Management (TQM), satisfying quality guidelines created by International Standards Organization (ISO) and by adjusting to Six Sigma and Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model. Referenced above are probably the best costs sparing open doors in today’s world. References Lambert, D.M; Stock, J.R. what's more, Ellram, L.M., (1998). Essentials of Logistics Management. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin McGraw-Hill. http://www.mhhe.com/business/the board/leenders12e/data/leenders_ch01.pdf

Tess Of D`Urbervilles By Hardy Essays - Lost Films

Tess Of D'Urbervilles By Hardy In the novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy, Tess is confronted with numerous various degrees of bliss, from unadulterated satisfaction to outright misery. As she moves from area to area, the setting of these spots depicts Tess' euphoria. From her unadulterated satisfaction at Talbothay's Dairy, to the defining moment of Tess' delight at the old D'Urberville house, to her most unforgiving remain at Flintcomb-Ash, to her last satisfaction before her demise at Bramshurst Court, the peruser sees air changes that decrease at that point move back up. Tough completely exhibits through his depictions of her environmental factors how Tess will feel while positioned in each spot. After Tess' life has been destroyed by Alec D'Urberville she needs to look for asylum. By leaving her old neighborhood of Marlott, she can begin her life once more. She escapes to the affable environment of Talbothay's Dairy. As Tess traverses the edge of the slope it appears as if she is exchanging universes. Strong's depiction depicts the field as a billiard table of inconclusive length (Hardy 98) with a covered level, which extended toward the east and the west to the extent the eye could reach (97). The land is depicted as being as boundless as Tess' delight. The region is rich and lovely, and here, Tess can unwind and be liberated from her past. Tess' unconventional eye (98)sees distinctive green greenery (98). This gives the zone an untainted intrigue, just as you can be youthful and cheerful while at Talbothay's Dairy. Tess feels warm as she watches the shadows... with as much consideration over each shape as though it had been the profile of a Court delight on a royal residence divider (98). Indeed, even the dairy animals have a lofty attraction as the white [of their horns] mirrored the daylight in stunning brilliancy (99). Talbothay's Dairy is sparkling with euphoria and this warmth discovers its way to a well-requiring Tess. Tess can feel cheerful once more what's more, that she truly had established another framework for her future. The conviction reproduced quietness (101). This upbeat inclination proceeds all through Tess' remain, as she remeets Angel, and begins to look all starry eyed. After their marriage, Tess what's more, Angel go to live in an old D'Urberville house close Wellbridge Mill. As they are leaving Talbothay's Dairy they hear a cockerel crow. The group right away thinks about the old spouse's story of an evening cockerel meaning misfortune. While they attempt to excuse it saying that it's not what you think: 'tis inconceivable! (Hardy 202), it sets the setting for what is to come. The disposition and setting upon their appearance to the D'Urberville house are foreboding, proceeding with the chicken's impact. Tess is discouraged by the house, shouting Those frightful ladies! (Hardy 203) when she sees representations of her predecessors. As the night developed longer the peaceful dead leaves of the going before harvest time were mixed to bothered restoration, and spun about reluctantly, and tapped against the shades. It before long started to rain (Hardy 204). Tess' satisfaction starts to waver with the downpour. She continues to tell Angel the account of her past, while the cinders under the mesh were lit by the fire vertically, similar to a torrid waste (Hardy 211). Strong portrays the coals in the fire as having a Last Day startling quality which enters to Tess, and results in her isolating from Angel. This puzzling climate is depicted by Hardy so as to be a defining moment and start the decline of Tess' happiness . Because of her past, Angel leaves Tess, and Hardy sends her to work at Flintcomb-Ash. Flintcomb-Ash is appeared as a severely unforgiving spot. It is through this grim climate that Hardy shows when Tess winds up in a real predicament of her bliss. Indeed, even while Tess is going towards Flintcomb-Ash Hardy shows the change. The 'air was dry and cold and the long truck streets were blown white and dusty inside a couple of hours after the downpour (263). Tess turns out to be a piece of the stroke of raindrops, the consume of sunbeams, and the pressure of winds. There is no enthusiasm in her now (262). Tess winds up moving toward a zone of unpredictable chalk - table land (263) contrasted with the rich, green fields of Talbothay's Dairy. She enters the remaining parts of a town... in a slight despondency (263). The land is frightful with its difficult soil (264) and Tess understands that the dividers [seem] to be the main companion she [has] (264). It is fitting that the town is loaded up with despairing depictions, as this is actually how Tess

Word of the Week! Epistemology Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Epistemology Richmond Writing What can one say about A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element; modelled on a German lexical item? Pretentious, perhaps, yet our word, Epistemology, as cited by the OED in the last sentence, has an everyday use in academe. Its of recent origin, like much of modern science itself, dating from the mid 1800s. Simply put, its a theory of knowledge but as I will explain, so much more. When one thinks hard about it, everyones use of data, ways of analysis, and presentation of results hinge upon that fields epistemology. In my own, English, we have several theories of knowledge.   Sometimes they get us in trouble with those outside the profession, partly because we sling around words like epistemology or  hermeneutics regularly (WordPress spellcheck does not even recognize hermeneutics). If Ive not convinced you yet that theory of knowledge does not work accurately in place of our word, consider that the OED also adds that our term distinguishes between justified belief and opinion. Every wise fool, in Socrates sense, has an opinion beyond his realm of understanding, something not justifiable. As the doomed philosopher puts in in The Apology, the artisans he questioned about wisdom, because they were good workmen they thought that they also knew all sorts  of  high matters. That same error applies today. Would the epistemology of quantum physics inform the study of Chaucer, or vice versa? For that matter, while this weeks word is not found beyond our ivy-covered walls, the idea behind it remains sound. Would I presume to tell the HVAC guy which circuit has failed, unless I had knowledge of electronics and that type of system? Have a word worth pondering? This blog will continue all summer.  Please nominate a word or metaphor useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here. Image of The Death of Socrates by Jacques-Louis David, courtesy of Wikipedia.

The Power of Fate in Macbeth Essay - 777 Words

Fate is one persons destiny, it cannot be understood by mere mortals but a greater power beyond human comprehension. Fate is so powerful that it controls a persons outcome on life before it happens. Many people become victims of fate in which they catch a glimpse of what their future is going to look like, but do not totally grasp the outcome. Macbeth cannot fully comprehend the possible outcome of his fate because he is mortal, and therefore is a victim to his power driven quest and his ultimate fate. Many have been said to agree with this statement. For example, as stated in Shakespeare A to Z, The Witches are an enactment of the irrational. The supernatural world if terrifying because it is beyond human control, and in the play it is†¦show more content†¦Not even his loyalty and friendship Macbeth had shared with Duncan. The effect of the witches encounter with Macbeth sparked curiosity in Macbeth?s mind. This caused Macbeth to pursue the Witch?s prophecy due to ?Macbeth? s excessive ambition? and ? universal propensity to temptation and sin? (Shakespeare for Students page 238.) Macbeth soon realizes he needs to receive more information from the Weird Sisters. The second encounter with the witches shows the witches guile. In the apparitions, the witches again do not tell the whole truth. They say to Macbeth in the second apparition, ?The power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth? (4.1.91.) This leaves Macbeth feeling invincible because to his logical thinking, everyone is woman born. The reader has the idea that the witches know what the outcome of this apparition is, but do not bother telling Macbeth small facts such as that he is going to be defeated by Macduff who was the product of a C-section which was thought by Macbeth to show a sense of unworthiness of life and weakness. The third apparition says, ?Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him?. (4.1.105) To Macbeth, this seems silly. Again, logically thinking, a forest is not going to come to Macbeth?s castle. Little does he know that that is just how it is going to play out, but not in that way. The army cuts branches off the trees in Birnam WoodShow MoreRelated The Power of Fate and Karma in Macbeth Essay610 Words   |  3 Pagesactions and sometimes due to fate or bad luck. Fate is one persons destiny and it can not be understood by simple mortals but a greater power beyond human comprehension. Fate is so powerful that it can control a persons outcome on life before it happens. Many people tend to become victims of fate in which they catch a glimpse of what their future is going to look like, but do not totally take hold of the outcome. Macbeth can not fully realize the possible outcome of his fate because he is human, andRead MoreThe Pow er of Fate vs. Free Will in Medea and Macbeth1850 Words   |  8 PagesThe Power of Fate vs. Free Will in Medea and Macbeth Throughout both Medea and Macbeth, there is a clear and heavy presence of the gods. This begs the question, are the characters in charge of their own destiny, or are their fates already written? Fate is described as â€Å"that  which  is  inevitably  predetermined;  destiny.† It can be said that it is the gods who are in charge of creating the character’s fates. In both Medea and Macbeth, there is a common theme of placing too much trust into fate, ratherRead MoreEssay Destiny, Fate, and Free Will in Shakespeares Macbeth974 Words   |  4 Pages Macbeth:nbsp; The Role of Fate nbsp; Fate plays an important role in Shakespeares Macbeth.nbsp; The weird sisters use fate to wreak havoc among the Scottish nobility.nbsp; Also, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth tempt fate.nbsp; Later in the play, Malcolm, Macduff and the other revolutionaries try to alter fate.nbsp; Fate can be many things to many different people.nbsp;nbsp; If one believes that fate is all-encompassing, then it becomes a perfect excuse for ones deeds.nbsp; Yet, to MacbethRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare Has Remained A Powerful Literary Force1088 Words   |  5 Pageshis works are as well known as Macbeth. The play s epic tale of ambition and greed never fails to captivate audiences. The major themes of this quintessential work are hackneyed in the world of literary criticism: the role of ambition in Macbeth s demise, the role of spirits and witches in carrying out evil, the corrupting of human morals, and many other similar themes. However, another equally important theme is the struggle of fate and free will. In Macbeth, fate is the dominant force; the charactersRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare Remains A Powerful Literary Force To1091 Words   |  5 Pagess works are as well-known as Macbeth. The play s epic tale of ambition and greed never fails to captivate audiences. The major themes of this quintessential work are hackneyed in the world of literary criticism: the role of ambition in Macbeth s demise, the role of spirits and witches in carrying out evil, the corrupting of human morals, and many other similar themes. However, another equally important theme is the struggle of fate and free will. In Macbeth, fate is the dominant force; the charactersRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth : Fate1380 Words   |  6 PagesIn Macbeth, which is written by Shakespeare, fate plays a very important part in the play. Macbeth’s fate is fulfilled when he fulfills the prophecy and apparitions that Shakespeare wrote for him. In other words, Shakespeare wrote Macbeth’s fate. Fate is someth ing that unavoidably happens; fate is very similar, if not the same thing, as destiny. In the play, there is a question of whether or not Shakespeare believes that fate has the power to rule people’s lives. There are many examples of fateRead MoreFate And Fate In Macbeth777 Words   |  4 PagesIn Macbeth, Shakespeare presents the tale of an ambitious Scottish nobleman, that will stop at nothing to ensure his position as the king. Throughout the play, Shakespeare presents the power fate has on a person through Macbeth and Banquo, two characters who ´s fates are determined by witches from the beginning. At the beginning of the text, Macbeth quickly understands his fate as it is told by the witches. The Second Witch tells Macbeth, ¨Hail to thee Thane of Cawdor ¨(1.3.52). Macbeth is toldRead MoreMacbeth - Fate or Choice?1457 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Throughout the ages it is believed fate, by some uncontrollable force, has the power to forge ones destiny. The outcome of a persons choices is controlled by the way in which they are fated to occur. However, some believe these choices can defy fate and that fate only manipulates ones mind into choosing their own path. The question still remains as to whether individuals are victims of fate or of their own choices, or if each aspect plays a significant part in determining their destinyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Essay Since the beginning of time people looked up to the stars asking Gods their fate. Fate is a belief, that there is a set path for an event that is both unavoidable and inevitable, that there is a fixed natural order to the cosmos. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, viewers can observe fate or (prophecy) playing a major role. William Shakespeare was born April 1564 and died May 1616, during his life Shakespeare wrote 37 plays, and 157 sonnets, Shakespeare is also knownRead MoreMacbeth was doomed by fate or by a flaw in his character.847 Words   |  3 PagesESSAY: In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, it is very controversial whether or not Macbeth was doomed by fate or by a flaw in his character. It could be argued that Macbeth was doomed both by fate and by a flaw in his character. On one hand, the role of the witches influence could be regarded as a major external force that exploited Macbeth s character flaws. However, on the other hand, Macbeth s ambitious nature and greed for power was the flaw in his character that ultimately led to

Essay on Personal Narrative My Personal Christian...

Humans from my own point of view are Gods creation, because the bible makes me understand that humans were created in Gods image, and during the creation of man, God blew the breath of life into man to make him come alive. I assume the reason humans are so unique is that they were created like God. The reason why humans are the best of all creation is that they can think, invent new things, and have dominion of all other creatures on earth. Humans are the only living creation that is conscious of their own existence, because they have advanced knowledge and skills to do things, for example, humans can clothe themselves, cook their foods, and even invent numerous technologies. Humans have a well-regulated sense that is able to†¦show more content†¦A soul is sent to either hell or heaven, a soul never dies I repeat a soul never dies. The only one who can destroy a soul is God himself because he created it, and he can destroy it. If a soul goes to hell, according to the bible h e/she will suffer for eternity in the lake of fire that burns with brimstones and sulfur, but if he/she goes to heaven, there is joy forever and ever. Hell is a place you do not want to go to, that is why I will keep telling people to keep doing things the right way, because the bible explains that it is a horrible place to be. The bible is a book that has been written for over 2000 years now, in this same bible, prophecies made happened, I strongly believe in the bible, because most of the things written in it are happening. Whatever you carry out in life, please accomplish it well because one day it will surely come back in another form to you. The law of karma ?what goes around comes around? alternatively, I will say what ever you sow you will surely reap. I see right and wrong as a choice made by a person, let me say a boy for instance. He has a conscience and he knows what he is doing is very bad. He can deceive everybody, and make people think he is a good person, but deep in side of him he knows very well that what he is doing is not right. As the old saying ?what goes up must come down? there is an end to every thing, no matter how long itShow MoreRelatedComparsion of Voltaire and Gronniosaw ´s Philosophy Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesmisinterpretation of doctrinal optimism. Whilst A Narrative of the Life of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw written by himself, (For the purpose of this essay, ‘A Narrative.’) is an autobiographical, and spiritual account of Gronniosaw’s Journey. This essay will look at the narrative techniques and the distinctive features of the language used in both extracts. (Voltaire, Gronniosaw, A230, Assessment Guide, 2013) Compare and contrast the context of each text’s, philosophy and religion, and ask the question, ‘doesRead MoreNarrative Therapy1612 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative therapy is a family counseling approach that continues to evolve and gain popularity in the field of therapy (Cha ng Nylund, 2013). Given the continued strides of narrative therapy this is a family counseling approach worthy of research. This paper will detail the beginnings of narrative therapy and those responsible for its development. Although White and Epston are the leading figures of narrative therapy many individuals with varying backgrounds and beliefs influenced their thinkingRead MoreTranscendentalism In Emersons The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1735 Words   |  7 Pagesbeliefs, and we do this with great ease and alacrity; after all, vague ideals seem easy enough to adopt when merely on paper. We experience difficulties, however, when forced to translate these beliefs into actions. In Frederick Douglass’s 1845 The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, the self-agency Douglass utilizes to escape the bondage of slavery seems similar to the actualization that comes through trusting one’s own interior instincts Ralph Waldo Emerson u rges readersRead MoreFrederick Douglass Narrative Analysis1333 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout his Narrative, Frederick Douglass exposes his belief that freedom from slavery comes through a combination of knowledge and self-agency, and through his personal experience, delineates a model for abolitionism. Although his Narrative does represent an autobiography, Douglass has a higher purpose in mind beyond simple recollection; Douglass wants to convert people to the cause of abolitionism and illuminate what it truly means to join the cause, through exposition of his own life and experiencesRead MoreThe Reason For God : Christian Values And Biblical Faith Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reason for God PaviElle McLaughlin Christian Values And Biblical Faith (BIB 4153 01) Professor Paul Copan September 19, 2016 â€Æ' Part I According to E.F. Peters, â€Å"The three great faiths called Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were born of an event that each remembers as a moment in history, when the One True God appeared to an Iron Age sheikh named Abram and bound him in a covenant forever (Peters, 2004).† Unfortunately, a paradox exists between the three monotheists – Jesus. Islam and JudaismRead MoreReflection On Business Communication752 Words   |  4 Pagesindustry adapting to a professional communication style is a vital element for career success. Skillfully, this course has changed my outlook of interactively communicating with others by learning key elements which will continue to develop and expand my skills both personally and professionally. Although I’ve acquired skills through experience, this course enhanced my communication skills by adding valuable meaning, volume, and structure in all forms necessary to prepare a well-thought-out messageRead MoreThe Debate Over Nozick s Experiment Thought Machine2250 Words   |  9 Pagesto begin by considering the likelihood that a Christian would commit suicide? On first inclination we know that they would not because they perceive suicide to be a sin. Even with a less nuanced version we know that in spite of the belief of heaven and a perfect afterlife there has not been a wide scale mass extinction of Christians any time lately. In asking a person this it is more than likely that they would likely they were being played a joke on. My point is to say, in a sense, this is similarRead MoreSt. Augustines Conversion to Christianity Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity Aurelius Augustinius, St. Augustine, was born in 354 A.D. in Tagaste, a town in North Africa. Born just over a century before the fall of Rome, Augustine would live his entire life within the Roman empire. Augustine was a great Christian thinker and wrote numerous works which survive today, and offer us a vivid glimpse into the period. His works and thoughts on Christ, the nature of God, the role of the Church, and myriad other topics, shaped much of medieval thought. He wouldRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Edwards s The Hands Of An Angry God 1351 Words   |  6 Pagesworks of various European philosophers- a particular favorite being Johnathan Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding. During his college studies, Edwards attempted to fuse the influences from his college training in Puritan Platonism with philosophies of those such as Locke and Isaac Newton; of Puritanism, he took the belief of the visible universe as a divine illumination of God, and of Newton, he took the idea of space being the â€Å"divine sensorium. (Maurer).† He further believed that man couldRead MoreAristotle And St. Augustine846 Words   |  4 Pagestheir own life experiences and careers. Both authors wrote their work as a way of acknowledging their own mortality. In other words, Aristotle spent a significant part of his life as a teacher of philosophy, and an earlier part of his learning and Augustine spent most of his later life teaching the Christian ideals. Both writers wished to teach people after they reached the end of their life and were to continue to the next one. In addition, they took the opportunity to communicate to those, during

Essays Free Essays

Response to Literary Text Grade 9 Prompt: After reading Animal Farm by George Orwell, choose two major historical figures, such as Tsar Nicholas II, Vladimir I. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Stalin, and Hitler, and explain how they were involved in the Russian Revolution (Do NOT write about both Stalin and Hitler). How are these men represented by characters, such as â€Å"Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jones,† â€Å"Old Major,† â€Å"Snowball,† and â€Å"Napoleon† in the book? Provide at least two examples from the text for each character that reveals how the character is similar to the historical figure. What did you like about Animal Farm and what did you find disturbing about it? Prewriting: (worth 5 points of essay grade): Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is connected to the Russian Revolution, which was also known as the Bolshevik Revolution. On a paper labeled â€Å"prewriting,† record the results of your research. Your five definitions should be at least three sentences long. Russian Revolution * Bolshevik * Moscow Choose two of the following (Do NOT write about both Stalin and Hitler) * Tsar Nicholas II * Vladimir I. Lenin * Leon Trotsky * Joseph Stalin * Adolf Hitler Essay (worth 20 points) prompt: After reading Animal Farm by George Orwell, choose two major historical figures, such as Tsar Nicholas II, Vladimir I. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Stalin, and Hitler, and explain how they were involved in the Russian Revolution (Do NOT write about both Stalin and Hitler). How are these men represented by characters, such as â€Å"Mr. Jones,† â€Å"Old Major,† â€Å"Snowball,† and â€Å"Napoleon† in the book? Provide at least two examples from the text for each character that reveals how the character is similar to the historical figure. What did you like about Animal Farm and what did you find disturbing about it? Final Response to Literary Text draft should include evidence of the following: Focus: characterization: how has the writer’s development of characters elped to make clear the significance of the theme? Language: imagery, research inclusion, and word choice: how the writer’s use of these elements achieves effects in the composition. Structure: how the writer creates an effective lead, thesis sentence, and reflection within the essay. Format: paragraph one – introduction; paragraph two – first man you select; paragraph three – second man; paragraph four – Who represented ea ch man in the novel and why? ; paragraph five – what you liked and found disturbing. How to cite Essays, Essays Essays Free Essays string(2132) " with gusto she unaware of herself cries aloud the name Govinda her sweetheart A wonderful portrait of a loveladen heart of a village girl Methinks the the heifers donot low at the place fair at Mathura They lowed whhen she was carrying her milk product and setting out for Mathura Then the Jamuna and the boat journey with her comrades and finally at Mathura at the fair and at the temple Thus four vignettes one after another pass by before our minds eye The prayer at the temple is very touching Because it is for achieving nothing great May all the gods protect us That is all Just as the naive boatman when encounters the godhead incarnated as goddess Annapurna in Bharatchandra only prays that her should remain well fed That is all These simple folks are very much unlike us They dont want to be a scholar or a scientist or a president Bush Me thinks that the truly Indian attitude towards life along with the breeze of the month of Shravan blows through the poem Mind you the poem has some riddles in it to ponder over The curds are as white as the clouds in the clear sky But the time when Radha crosses the Jamuna is Shravan when there no white clouds But Radha fails to announce the good quality of her curds Because the blue clouds of the month of Shravan seem to engross her Again it is Shravan to Radha when her comrades want to don saffron robes in harmony with the spring time So many seasons at the same time draws my attention Thuis all the seasons are subjective Jamuna flows between the place where Radha stays and the place where Radha works for money Jamuna is a chasm between the two worlds —-one where love reigns and the other where exc hange reigns The way you have interpreted milk is quite convincing Indeed it is from the villages that energy flows to rejuvenate the life in the cities On another level Go vinda might mean the centre of the earth or universe or the source of all light Of course Radha is the symbol of the earth Her heart is full of the longing for the skies There you read the myth of Gaia and Ourania Dyaus and Prithivi And you have legitimately brought Sita and Radha together\." SONG OF RADHA, THE MILKMAID —text and critical study by Mandira Chattopadhyaya Labels: Literary Criticism I carried my curds to the Mathura fair†¦ How softly the heifers were lowing†¦ I wanted to cry, â€Å"Who will buy The curds that is white as the clouds in the sky When the breezes of Shravan are blowing? † But my heart was so full of your beauty, Beloved, They laughed as I cried without knowing: Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! How softly the river was flowing! I carried the pots to the Mathura tide†¦ How gaily the rowers were rowing! My comrades called, â€Å"Ho! Let us dance, let us sing And wear saffron garments to welcome the spring. And pluck the new buds that are blowing. † But my heart was so full of your music, Beloved, They mocked when I cried without knowing: Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! How gaily the river was flowing! I carried my gifts to the Mathura shrine†¦ How brightly the torches were glowing! I folded my hands at the altars to pray â€Å"O shining ones guard us by night and by day†- And loudly the conch shells were blowing. We will write a custom essay sample on Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now But my heart was so lost in your worship, Beloved, They were wroth when I cried without knowing: Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! How bright the river was flowing! Substance of the poem Radha, the milkmaid is carrying curds to Mathura (Krishna’s birthplace) where the spring festival is going on. Cows are lowing softly in the fields. Radha, wishing to give out her trade cry to sell her curds that is as white as the autumn clouds, instead, calls out My Lord! My Lord! Everybody laughs. The river Jamuna flows on softly, as if appreciating her chant. Radha reaches the bank of the river to cross by the ferry boat. Her female companions want to wear the saffron garments, the color of spring, and want to sing and dance and pluck the new buds. Radha’s heart swells with the music of her Beloved Lord Krishna. She cries in ecstasy when others humor her. The river Jamuna flows on joyfully regardless. Radha reaches, with her gifts of curds, the temple, where the torches are brightly burning. She folds her hands to pray to the deity, encircled by snakes, and prays for protection while the conch shells are blown. Her heart is lost to the vision of her Beloved Lord and she calls out the name involuntarily. Others become angry. But the river Jamuna flows on while her water dazzles in the light of the torches. A critical estimate of the poem The title of the poem transports us to another world, to an environment of fertility and abundance. Mother Nature abounds the earth with the flow of her liquid. This white liquid symbolizes affection and nurturing of life. Radha, the daughter of Mother Nature carries the liquid of life and growth to all living beings. Mathura is her destination where Krishna, the Divine Musician holds everybody mesmerized with his mystic presence. The heifers herald her arrival to Mathura where she will pour into the pots the liquid which she has brought- energy and power from the mother Earth. It is worth noticing that Sita, the other daughter of mother Earth also represents all that stand for productivity. Mathura is here the center of life and abundance. While the cow is the species, that represents the flow of life and abundance. Radha feeds and nurtures life. Even the clouds in the sky, white and creamy, are part of the resources of life. The clouds and breeze together produce rain to awash the earth with the energy and moisture that coaxes the dormant vitality into life energy. The time of the year should also be noted. It is the time of incessant rain, the month of Shravan (August- September), when the life- giving moisture bursts forth. Radha’s heart wavers from her task in hand. She yearns for her union with Divine Musician, a presence that encompasses every soul of Mathura. She is absorbed, heart and mind, in his mystic presence and the trade cry she is supposed give out does not come to her lips- only the name of Govinda, the Omnipresent, the Omniscient and the Omnipotent, coming spontaneously from her heart, reverberates. The poet, here, juxtaposes the two conceptions, the flowing of the river and Radha’s yearning for a communion with Krishna. Radha is presented in the poem in the first person. In the first stanza she refers to the commodity she is carrying. Her mind is somewhat attached to the earthly duties and nature of her work. Even in her surroundings she hears the cry of the heifers, an animal she connects with her trade. In the second stanza, her mind is drawn towards the joy and gaiety of nature. She feels the abundance in her heart Life is flowing everywhere. Dear Mantu We are nown drawn to Indian English literature and your attempt at decoding Sarojini is a wonderful effort to that end Yes Indian English literature could be successful only when India breathes through the language of the Teutonic school and here is an instance of success Ihave read your substance and critical comments with great interest and I have a few reflections on the poem that I submit before you Firstly Idont think that there is any clue in the text wherefrom we could infer that Krishna is at Mathura when Radha comes there Secondly though Vrindavan has not been mentoioned here it is clear that Radha comes from elsewhere to Mathura to sell her milk product She comes from the other side of Jamuna She comes from her village Mathura is a trade centre and town The poem on the surface dwells on a maid who comes to the town for selling milk product But her head is full of Govinda So instead of paying attention to her etting and spending and instead of giving her trade cry with gusto she unaware of herself cries aloud the name Govinda her sweetheart A wonderful portrait of a loveladen heart of a village girl Methinks the the heifers donot low at the place fair at Mathura They lowed whhen she was carrying her milk product and setting out for Mathura Then the Jamuna and the boat journey with her comrades and finally at Mathura at the fair and at the temple Thus four vignettes one afte r another pass by before our minds eye The prayer at the temple is very touching Because it is for achieving nothing great May all the gods protect us That is all Just as the naive boatman when encounters the godhead incarnated as goddess Annapurna in Bharatchandra only prays that her should remain well fed That is all These simple folks are very much unlike us They dont want to be a scholar or a scientist or a president Bush Me thinks that the truly Indian attitude towards life along with the breeze of the month of Shravan blows through the poem Mind you the poem has some riddles in it to ponder over The curds are as white as the clouds in the clear sky But the time when Radha crosses the Jamuna is Shravan when there no white clouds But Radha fails to announce the good quality of her curds Because the blue clouds of the month of Shravan seem to engross her Again it is Shravan to Radha when her comrades want to don saffron robes in harmony with the spring time So many seasons at the same time draws my attention Thuis all the seasons are subjective Jamuna flows between the place where Radha stays and the place where Radha works for money Jamuna is a chasm between the two worlds —-one where love reigns and the other where exc hange reigns The way you have interpreted milk is quite convincing Indeed it is from the villages that energy flows to rejuvenate the life in the cities On another level Go vinda might mean the centre of the earth or universe or the source of all light Of course Radha is the symbol of the earth Her heart is full of the longing for the skies There you read the myth of Gaia and Ourania Dyaus and Prithivi And you have legitimately brought Sita and Radha together. Regards Ramesh Dear Mandira, The beautiful poem -Songs of Radha the Milkmaid that you have selected from Sarojini Naidu’s book of poems incites me to share something. I, myself am very much fond of *Kirtana *-the art form that sings basically the lila of Radha and Krishna,particularly the *Biraha *portion when Krishna left Radha in Brindavan and himself went to Mathura to perform another duty and activities. Radha remained ever engrossed in the thoughts of Krishna and waited for his return. Whenever any cart etc. came from Mathura she rushed there in the hope that her beloved must have come back . But in vain. The love-lorn Radha became more sad. I am giving below a song that portrays this in a poignant manner; Piya tora kaisa abhiman Saghana sawan laye kadama bahar Mathura se doli laye charo kahar Nahi aye nahi aye Kesaria balma hamar Angana bara sunsan Apne nayan se neer bahaye Apne Yamuna khud aphi banaye Lakh bar usme nahaya Pura na hoi asnan Phir pura na hoi asnan Sukhe kesh rukhe besh Manua bejaan In this backdrop I would like to give my interpretation. Radha had not actually gone to Mathura . Rather in her inner mind flashed what would happen had she gone to Mathura fair, Mathura tide,Mathura shrine respectively. In the Mathura fair she would sell her curd. As Radha did not have any idea about the life style of Mathura -the capital city,hence she imagined that heifers would be there and they were lowing softly in the hope of the union of Radha and Krishna as they had done in Brindavan. Radha would not sell milk;in its stead curd. Why? Because her love for Krishna that hand turned from milk to curd in the absence of Krishna/Gobinda . But it remained as pure and white as the white cloud of the sky. But mind that though Shravan breeze were blowing yet the cloud was white. How is it possible? As because Krishna was not with Radha hence there was Shravan breezes blowing in her mind/sky . Radha would sell her product only to Krishna Her mind was full of pure love for Krishna;( i. e.. the white cloud). After shower the sky becomes clear. So happened in case of Radha’s mind. Unaware she uttered Gobinda! Gobinda. And even when her friends might laugh at her her pent up thoughts were released and her mind got a relief. Her conscious mind /the river started flowing softly. The other two stanzas may be similarly explicated. I resist myself to do that. Does it seem to be too far fetched . With love and with the hope to hear more from you. Dipika Dear Dipikadi, Thank you very much for your own interpretation of the poem. You are wonderfully lyrical and your point of view has added dimensions to the simple village girl’s vision of her divine Beloved. Please write your point of view on the other two stanzas too. best wishes Mondira In the second stanza, Radha imagined that she went to Mathura with her pot. Within the pot Radha might have taken her love ,her longing for Krishna The imagery of pot at once reminds us of the individual body that separates us/here Radha from the union of our own god /Krishna. As soon as the earthen pot breaks there will be the eternal union. In this context, the word Mathura tide has a special import. Just as due to the attraction of the Moon there comes the high tide in the river,similarly Radha’s mind and body- her heart and breast swelled up being attracted to Mathura where her beloved resides. But as high tide and ebb tide come and go in alternate manner,similarly Radha’s emotion, feelings and demeanour changed- now elated and the next moment depressed. While she thought of her union with Krishna there came the high tide. And there was all mirth and merriment. Merrily merrily the rowers, that is, her sweet memories were passing. There was abundance and abandon . At once spring came forth. Radha Krishna’s union is always associated with her *sakhis *-the comrades like the asto sakhis-Lolita ,Bisakha etc. Hence there appeared the comrades in colourful dresses . They were dancing, singing,plucking new buds to make garlands to greet the two beloved ones- Radha and Krishna. The new buds were blowing. How? There air blew gently. With this the flower plants also moved. As if the whole Nature took part and was happy with the union of Radha and Krishna. The entire stage bacame colouful and moving with coloufully clad comrades dancing,singing along with ever blowing new buds on the plants as well as on the hands of the sakhis. The sakhis wanted to wear saffron coloured dress. Why? Because Krihna was not there. At once the colour reminds us the Hindu sanyasi/nies who used to wear saffron coloured dress. This is the colour of mensturation of the holy mother. This colour means detachment from the hurly burly of the mundane world. And so Radha could not take part in any paltry day to day activity and not in any mirth and merry. At once we can hear the unheard sound -Krihna se to nei nei re. The ebb tide- the depressed mood of Radha prevailed . Her ears always heard Krishna’s music-Yeno nishi din murali dhani suni /Ujan bohe prem Yamunari bari /Nupuro hoye yano he Bonochari/Chorono jaraye dhore kandite pari/ Mamo madhuro minati sono Ganashyama Giridhari†¦. And Radha could not but cry out and utter Gobinda! Gobinda! The pent up emotion at once got released . And Radha’s mind became relaxed . And so did the river flow gaily. The high tide came instantly. In the third stanza we find Radha in a different mood. All passion being spent there was calm in mind. and in such a state on mind Radha imagined to visit the Mathura shrine. Rather now Radha was in a position to visit the Mathura shrine. If in the 1st stanza Radha ‘s conscious thoughts were described , it was on the surface level because the heifar used to gaze on the surface. nd Radha’s thoughts were moving softly like the soft lowing of the cows. But as soon as Radha uttered the word Gobinda her thoughts could delve deeper Her stream of cons ciousness started to flow softly . Thus then at once the setting changed from the land to river. In the 2nd stanza her thoughts went deeper. May be it touched the pre-conscious level . Because there in the 2nd stanza in the dream like situation Radha could face her carnal desire towards Krishna. The imagery of pot, the buds , the dancing ,singing river water with high tide and ebb tide etc. all are suggetive to something associated with sexual acts. See, Inthe first stanza Radha ‘s mind was full of Krishna’s beauty. Here she was con cerned of her beloved’s physical charm. But then the rowers came and rowed gaily and they were all mirth and mery ( may be Physical /sexual enjoyment were imaginatively faced. ) To face a desire four square means to become free of it. That is why in the second stanza Radha’s Mind became free from Physical desire rather she was concerned about Krishna’s sound. But the river i. e. the stream of conscous now moved gaily. The charm of sight and sound cannot last long. Hence shorn of carnal desires Radha’s love now can have the power to submit herself totally to her Beloved. Now neither her mind nor her body was disturbed . They had been burnt up and thereby emitting light and thus acting as torches. Radha’s was now fit to meditate. Hence Radha in her mind went to the shrine. There she could find those bright lamps of pure love that gathered their brightness through penance. She with folded hands prayed not for herself but for us-the humanity as a whole; may be for all sentient and insentient odjects under the Sun. She asked not the union of Krishna but the well being of all and sundry by day and night. When those pure lights protect, who could dare to do any harm? Such catholicity of mind was at once applauded by gods also and the sound of conch-shell was heard as a sign of it.. May be this was the sound of Panchajanya -the conch shell that Krishna blew in the Kurukshetra at the begining of the battle). But now it was blown to declare that Radha had successfully over come her mean self-centred desires and she became victorious. But the desires, which were termed as Mara in the Buddhist literatur e, may be here personified . So they( the personified desires) were wroth just after the sound of the conch-shell odviouly they were annoyed as because they were defeated in their schemes to ensnare Radha. And unknowingly Radha uttered Govinda! Govinda! And her stream of consciosness shorn of all impurities became a river of bright light. T his imagery of brightness reminds me the story of Ahalya who became bright through her penance when Ram visited her ( in Valmiki)/touched his feet ( in Krittivasa) on the place where Ahalya stayed and observed penance . Hard Penance made Ahalya a woman to be remembered every morning as per Hindu Sastra. Similarly Radha the eternal consort of Krisna is being worshipped through out Northen India for her selfless pure love for Krishna. Because now onwards ,we may easily guess thatRadha’s heart will ever remain lost in Krishna’s worship in contrast of her earlier heart full of krishna’s beauty, then her full of his music in the 1st two stanzas. We may easily imagine that now she can sit years after years in a meditative mood with her heart lost in Krishna’s worship . It is said that even today also Radha is waiting in Brindavan for her Beloved Krishna. How to cite Essays, Essays Essays Free Essays Josephine Reading Writing: Cerise 4B 02/28/13 Dependent on Computers Technology has a key role to many people in life. Like the computer, a contemporary production, that provides a lot of functions such as for work, entertainment, and schoolwork. People spend a lot of time using computers nowadays, and computers help us achieve many things conveniently and quickly. We will write a custom essay sample on Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have to do our homework and to watch new movies with computers. The computer is a very great invention in this generation. However, we should know whether we are too dependent on computers or not. Although people use computers to do many things in their lives because it is very conveniently, I believe that dependence on computers has many potential disadvantages. Using computers to work can decrease work efficiency. It is irrefutable that computers are a great help at work. Using internet ways to send the emails are better than using letters, because it can save more time at work. Whereas, people often watch Facebook or Twitter and talk with friends by MSN in the work so that they waste their time. According to Tagtmeier. 2010), â€Å"Finally, whether it is Facebook or Twitter, there is no overnight shortcut to creating a successful page or profile. Hard work and patience will always be a part of adding fans or followers. The critics out there may say that it is a wasted effort. † This will make people indulge in the Internet. Moreover, many students often spend too much time on computers to play games because it can make them relax and have fun. They reduce their press ure from working and relax their mood by playing games so that they can look forward to their future. Even so, people won’t want to hang out with their friends because they just need computers to meet friends. According to Weinstein. (2010), â€Å"Users may play compulsively, isolating themselves from other forms of social contact, and focus almost entirely on in-game achievements rather than broader life events. † They just want to meet friends in the virtual world, stay on the chair, and face the computer. Similarly, using computers can let people get harmful information or news. For instance, if an actor gets married in Taiwan, I can use the internet to know the news instantly in America because computers are very easy and convenient to access this information. However, it is easy to make people believe the information or news on the computer. According to Shier. (2005), â€Å"The 2003 National Survey of Student Engagement reported that 87 percent of students who completed the survey reported copying information directly from the Internet without properly citing the source ‘at least some of the time. † They may not recognize which one is real or fake, so it will affect their thinking and knowledge. I think we shouldn’t believe everything we see when we are using a computer. In conclusion, there are many disadvantages when we use a computer, and these things are very common to see. We are too dependent on computers, causing people to often use computers to watch Facebook and Twitter, to not want to hang out with their friends, and to easil y believe the information or news on the computer. Works Cited Shier, M. (2005). The way technology changes how we do what we do. New Directions For Student Services, (112), 77-87. Weinstein, A. (2010). Computer and Video Game Addiction—A Comparison between Game Users and Non-Game Users. American Journal Of Drug Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 268-276. doi:10. 3109/00952990. 2010. 491879 Tagtmeier, C. (2010). facebook vs. twitter. (Cover story). Computers In Libraries, 30(7), 6-10. How to cite Essays, Essays

EToys Essay Example For Students

EToys Essay II. Company Mission; Background/HistoryThe vision of eToys is to create the premier family-oriented destination on the Internet. eToys was launched in October of 1997. eToys was created to offer an extensive selection of products from well known and specialty toy brands, a combination that would be both economical and physically impractical to stock in a traditional store like KBToys or Toys R Us. It came became known as the leading Internet retailer of childrens products, carrying more than 100,000 competitively priced items. Another key feature of eToys is the fact that people can shop 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and have instantaneous access to product information, helpful shopping services, and innovative merchandising strategies. Not only does eToys provide toys, but they also provide a number of services to the consumer. They supply gift recommendations by age, relationship, and price specification, child-appropriate gift wrapping, personalized message cards to accompany the gifts, and electronic gift certificates. eToys also provides a birthday reminders service, through which they notify shoppers of a childs birthday three weeks in advance via e-mail. Through the Wish List service, parents and children can e-mail family members and friends a list of the gifts they would like purchased for them. eToys launched http://BabyCenter.com as a resource for shoppers of infants and toddlers. Another website wholly owned by eToys is http://www.ParentCenter.com which serves as a resource for parents as their children grow beyond BabyCenters prime age range. This new parent center site also provides the company an additional high margin revenue opportunity. eToys advertises on major sites such as AOL, Sesame Workshop, Excite, Infoseek, Microsoft Network, Yahoo!, and Lycos. In October 1999, they initiated an international expansion by launching http://eToys.co Free Media Violences: Media Violence is No P EssayeToys stands behind the quality of all of their products . A consumer may return any item in its original condition, for any reason, at any time. eToys will gladly issue a gift certificate covering the value of the return that may be used to purchase any item(s) they carry. Or, if the consumer prefers, they will replace any item, or issue a fully refund its the consumers choice. If eToys made the mistake, they will also refund the shipping and any Gift Wrapping charges. Software, videos, video games and equipment, and audio products must be returned unopened. Information about their return policy is included with each shipped order on the back of the packaging slip. It takes approximately two weeks to process a return once it arrives at the warehouse. A consumer can email eToys to check on the status of a return. eToys has over 100,000 childrens products, including toys, books, video games, software, videos, music, and party goods from more than 750 manufactures. eToys carries more than 750 brands, including well-known brands such as Barbie, LEGO, and Disney, as well as specialty brands such as BRIO, which are not available at toy superstores like Toys R US. Aside from just toys, eToys offers personalized message cards, electronic gift certificates, and a birthday reminder service to its consumers. In October 1999, eToys initiated their international expansion by launching etoys.co.uk. Then, in March 2000, they launched yet another international site called babycentre.co.uk. These sites, as stated earlier, were designed specifically to meet the needs of the customers in the UK and serve as the springboard for further expansion across Europe. eToys is headquartered in Santa Monica, California, and has regional offices in San Francisco, California; Danville, Virginia, and London England. In keeping up with its strongest competitor, http://www.ToysRUs.com, Etoys has expanded its business to acquire http://www.Toys.com and http://www.eparties.com to keep up with the financial presents of Toys R Us, Inc. With similar fluctuations in their stock prices, the ever expanding ideals of eToys into other areas such as parties, videos, and overseas markets, eToys is holding its spot as the number one online retailer in childrens toys. A decision, announced in April of this year, decided to spin off the European segments of the company in order to reach that goal of finally turning a profit for the company. During our fifteen day assessment of eToys there has been a decrease in the stock prices of our company for twelve of the fifteen days. Even with the downward spiral in the stock prices, reaching a fifty two week low in the assessment, analyists predict that with the up coming holiday season it will all turn out for the better. Since the opening of the web site in October 1997, there has been a rapid growth in the net sales of the company. Yet like all of its competitors it has yet to see a profit. Some predict that within five years that eToys will see it first net profit in the companies short history. During the past year, eToys shares have fallen on the Nasdaq to less than $2 from $70.52. EToys long-term rating was downgraded to neutral from accumulate by Merrill Lynch and the assessment J.P. Morgan was also downgraded. The people at J.P. Morgan forecast a doubling of revenue to $220 million in the third quarter of this year up from $106.8 million a year ago. Five reasons for their doubts are: competition, the challenge to diversity from the toys business, heavy seasonally of sales, the cost of building three brands (eToys, http://www.babycenter.com/, and http://www.parentcenter.com/) and a shift in product mix from mass-market to specialty and private-label goods. eToys extended its position as the Internets leading site for kids-oriented commerce, content and services with the launch of its new party and Hobby stores and the introduction of new merchandising features designed to enhance the sites overall customer experience. The Party Store is a one-stop shop for birthday, holiday and other kids-oriented parties. The Party Store allows eToys for the first time to tap into the $5 billion kids party goods segment, a fast growing and non-seasonal addition to the companys product lines. The Hobby Store is stocked with thousands of hobby products including trains, planes, automobiles and rockets. Hobby enthusiasts comprise a $4 billion market in the U.S. and eToys Hobby Store is designed to make shopping for hobby products easy. There have been some major alliances between some major competitors for example Amazon.com and Toys R Us, Wal-Mart, Kmarts Bluelight.com and Target. Last year, Amazon.coms toys and related business brought in $95 million in sales, comparable to EToys $107 million. EToys has shifted its product mix to specialty retail and private-label products from traditional mass-market products, which may affect the profitability target. And Wal-Mart has implied that it will keep improving their Web site and may become a major online player by Christmas of 2001. eToys received a $40 million revolving credit facility from Foothill Capital Corp. It will use funds from the two-year facility, which is backed by certain company inventory, for working capital and general purpose. The Wall Street Journal said in September that eToys needed about an additional $100 million to sustain its operations until profitability. eToys Inc. entered into an amended agreement with shareholders of its series D convertible preferred stock, according to a Form 8-K filed November 18 with the securities and Exchange Commission. The preferred shareholders waived their rights to enter into a short sale of eToys stock. Shareholders also agreed to waive their right to convert the preferred stock at any time if eToys common stock fell below $3 a share for 10 consecutive days. eToys common shares originally closed below $3 on Nov. 8, dropping 78 cents to $2.56 a share. Since that time, eToys shares havent closed above $3. They submitted to the shareholders a conversion election notice for 2,000 shares of the convertible preferred stock. eToys issued 10,000 shares of the convertible preferred stock. They agreed to provide at least 1,000 preferred shares by Jan. 1 for a conversion to take place after Jan. 31 to shareholders with a conversion option. Bibliography:VIII. Referenceshttp://www.wsj.comWall Street Journalhttp://www.Excite.comhttp://www.eToys.comhttp://www.gartner.comhttp://www.cbs.marketwatch.comhttp://www.quicken.com/news

Burundi Culture free essay sample

This is the objectives of this assessment to know a deeper and detailed culture of Burundi. INTRODUCTION Background Burundi is located in the Central African Region that borders with Rwanda, Tanzania and Congo. Burundi is a little nation surrounded by mountains and lakeside with the capital city called Bujumbura (Embassy of the Republic of Burundi, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Burundi Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the population of 6,370,609 people, Burundi is considered one of the poorest nations in the world. But on the other hand, Burundi has many natural resources such as alluvial gold, nickel, phosphates, rare earth, vanadium, and peat. Burundi also has two major agricultural resources and they are coffee and tea. Burundi had been independent since 1962. The original inhabitants of Burundi are thought to the Twa people but now there is only 1% of the population left and they are remain isolated. Now Burundi was populated with Hutus and Tutsis as the two main ethnic groups. The Hutu group is their majority with 85% of the population and is usually short and square, whereas the Tutsi group is the minority and usually tall and thin with 14% of the population (Embassy of the Republic of Burundi, 2010). But despite that percentage, the Tutsi group has always been the dominant compared to the Hutu. Standford (2007) stated that up until now Burundi already has 3 democratically elected presidents but two of them have already passed away. The first president is Melchior Ndadaye, but in within few months he had been assassinated in a failed coup attempt along with estimated 300,000 civilians. The second president is Cyprien Ntaryamira and after a few months of becoming president he died in a plane crash but the civilians believed he was killed alongside the president of neighbouring Rwanda. The last president is Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, he only served in the presidency for two years and after that he withdrew himself from the government and parliament. The new president led by Pierre Nkurunziza, he had to faced many challenges because there are rebels group that refuse to cooperate with the peace process. Therefore, there’s no clear end to the clash between Hutu and Tutsi. Access for culture from business point of view. Burundi is a developing country and the national economy is considered unstable. For that reason, doing business in Burundi may be risky and difficult in some circumstances. But if we do business domestically, the location in Burundi may bring a benefit because it is surrounded by countries that make it easy to access to the region around them, and because as a developing country Burundi’s natural resources would be a great sources to do agriculture business. However the geographic location and country recognition of Burundi make it difficult to do international business with another countries outside of its continent. DETERMINANTS OF BURUNDI CULTURE History The history of Burundi was begun in 1860 when the reigns of Rwabugiri came to the thrones and control the region of Burundi and Rwanda (Gascoigne, 2001). Before that time, two different ethnic dominated the local tradition; Tutsi, people that take over the area and win dominance over Hutu, that living by agriculture. Under his control, the reign was organized on a feudal basis, where the Tutsi are the aristocracy and Hutu as their slaves (Gascoigne, 2001). And when first described by a European, Scepe assumed that the distinction between Tutsi and Hutu is racial. But it was questioned, as both ethnic admitted an intermarriage and custom that allowing people to become an honourable member of other group. And a more valid distinction between Tutsi and Hutu is based on occupation and class where the Tutsi is the upper class, and the Hutu as the lower class. The first European that claimed Burundi and Rwanda was the Germany in 1894 and the region was known as Rwanda-Urundi. But the culture of Germany was not that extensive, when the region was taken from their hand during the World War 1 in 1914. Gascoigne (2001) explained that during the war, Belgian moved from the Belgian Congo to occupy Rwanda-Urundi in 1916. In 1925, Rwanda-Urundi was linked with Belgian Congo, but the colonial took a different form of rules in the two territories. Belgian Congo was centred in Brussels, and Rwanda-Urundi was left in the hand of Tutsi aristocracy. From 1933, People in Rwanda-Urundi were issued with a racial identity card, recognizing them as Tutsi (14%) or Hutu (85%). The remaining was known as Twa(1%) the original indigenous in this area (Gascoigne, 2001). Based on Global Edge(2012) in 1957, the Hutu leaders published a Hutu Manifesto, resulting in nationwide campaign of Hutu violence against Tutsi and many Tutsi has fled from Rwanda. One of the authors of Hutu Manifesto, Gregoire Kayibanda scored an overwhelming victory in 1960 election. When an election was held in 1961, the eldest son of Tutsi leader, Prince Rwagasore implemented a solution to recover the conflict between Tutsi and Hutu (Gascoigne, 2001). But a few months later before the independence was formally achieved, he was assassinated. Rwanda-Urundi became independent in July 1962, but the pressure from UN to federate as a single nation, had finally broken down this nation to two different nations (Global Edge, 2012). Urundi became an independent as a constitutional monarchy with a change of name to Burundi. A republic is proclaimed together, but again Tutsi showed their misused power. Ndayizigiye (2005) described the worst ethnic slaughter unleashed upon Hutu after Burundi became independent was in 1972, where about 100,000 people are killed, and among them were nearly all Hutu professional and educated class. The extreme ethnic violence in the following year had brought thousands of deaths on both sides result in between 25,000 and 50,000 in all (Ndayizigiye, 2005). Fourth president of Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira was trying to heal the ethnic wounds in 1994, but again he was killed together with the president of Rwanda, Habyarimana in an airplane hen a rocket brought it down. And during the subsequent year, the war continued relentlessly until 1998 when Organization of African Unity (OAU) brought the peace. Geography and Location Burundi’s geographic land is situated on high plateau and it often occurs tremors and earthquakes. Burundi is a tropical country and this causes a variety of tropical diseases such as malaria, dengue and others. The insects carry most of the causes of these diseases. One third of Burundi’s land is used as pastureland while the most fertile lands are on the highlands. The highland in Burundi is the last area in Africa to be reached by the Europeans colonial expansion in 19th century. Most mountain areas are dense with and trees. Most of the wildlife in Burundi consist of warthogs, antelopes, crocodiles, hippopotamus, buffaloes, elephants and baboons which are threatened and endangered because the government of Burundi has not set up any animal reservation and sanctuaries where species can be protected from the danger of extinction. The cause of threatening of these animals are because of the development of the country intrudes the habitat life such as the spread of farming and overgrazing. The development is causing deforestation and erosion on the land of the habitats. Furthermore, the laws of illegal in poaching are not strictly implied within the country causing more and more of illegal poaching to be done which endangers the habitats life. (everyculture, 2012) Economy With 6 million people who are among the poorest in the world, Burundi is one of the smallest economies in Africa. In this light, it is difficult to imagine a development strategy based on the domestic markets. With respect to Burundi’s external markets, they were largely Rwanda and the Eastern provinces of Congo under colonial rule. Burundi is landlocked and dependent on its neighbours’ wrecked road and rail infrastructure in the conduct of its international trade. The country’s isolation within a geographically isolated continent (Fafchamps, 2003). Burundi is a tropical climate where many of the disease like malaria and others tropical disease that restraints the potential of development in Burundi. (Nkurunziza, 2005) Stated for most of the post-independence period, the financial sector was dominated by two commercial banks owned partly by the state and partly by Belgian banks. There was also a government savings bank, a government development bank, and a few non-banking financial institutions. With financial liberalisation in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Burundi’s financial sector has become more diversified. However, the country has no stock market and no dynamic informal financial markets, implying that most financial transactions are carried out through banks. Financial institutions are concentrated in Bujumbura, the capital city, but the main banks have branches in a number of provinces. Education Burundi is still developing on its education system in order to improve the people abilities and potencies. The total rate of adult literacy rate in Burundi is about 67% in 2010 (Unicef, 2012). The education systems of Burundi include preparatory, elementary, high school, college and vocational schooling. Most of the primary and secondary education levels are owned by private entities while tertiary education level is owned by the State. There are formal type and non-formal type of education system. The formal type of education includes six years of primary education, four years of lower secondary education, three years of upper secondary education and four years of higher education. The total of formal education that Burundian normally has is about 17 years. The non-formal type of education includes a vocational school and preparatory school. Vocational school is basically consisting of technical schooling which last five years for the lower level and seven years for the upper level. The education on Burundi is normally commences on October until June annually, it is conducted in Kirundi language in the lower grades and French in the secondary level (spainexchange, 2012). Most of the education in Burundi is free and it is compulsory to children between the ages of seven to twelve to have education. Children are the most important things for Burundian. Burundian sees their children as the insurance of the future success. But only 50% of the eligible children go to school and only 8% of the eligible children go to secondary school. The political instability of the country has affected the essential of having education causing it to be hindered. The lack of teachers and supplies are also became the factors of the education to be hindered. Considering these facts, many parents tend to choose their children to stay at home to care for their younger siblings and work at the field to help their parents. Languages Burundi is a country that has strong oral traditions that consists of fables, legends, poems, riddles and stories. Therefore, a person must learn this country’s languages in order to understand better about the rich oral heritage of the Republic of Burundi (NALRC, 2011). Stanford (2007) stated that the two ethnic groups that called Hutu and Tutsi speak one and the same unique language Kirundi. The Twa group even though they speak with different dialect, their main language are also Kirundi. Kirundi is Bantu language that is the mostly spoken by Burundians and it is also the official language of Burundi’s centuries-old cultural heritage. Burundi’s neighbouring countries such as Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of Congo are all Kirundi speakers as well. Meanwhile, French are their first foreign language that has become an administrative language. On the other hand, they also have Swahili that is a mixture of Arabic and Bantu languages. Burundian used this language in order to do trade and business in much of East Africa and it is mostly spoken in the capital city, Bujumbura and in the region of Tanganyika Lake (Embassy of the Republic of Burundi, 2011). The last is English. It is taught in some of their schools and rarely used in their country but it is becoming increasingly important because of the international market and business world. Politics (Map of World, 2012) Stated Burundi government is based on republic structure. The Burundi government is divided into several branches for the convenience of administration. The major branches include executive, legislative and judicial branch. The executive division comprises of the president and the council of ministers and the legislative branch comprises of a national assembly and a Senate. The judicial section consists of the Supreme Court and the other constitutional courts. The president holds the most important position in the government of Burundi and is also responsible for electing council ministers during election. The President is supposed to serve the country for a five-year time span after which election is held. The political ideology of Burundi is election which for example in the government structure, the Burundians choose and elect their president, governor and others by voting. This ideology of politic is common in many countries, it is likely the same of the democratic term where people has the power to vote and express their voice to choose their own choices. Most of the democracy country like Burundi, the people in the country is the most influence in the political system. Religious Burundi religions consist of 60% of Roman Catholic, 5% of Protestant, and about 10% are Muslims. The remaining populations follow their traditional beliefs or do not have any religions. At first, the government regarded Catholic Church as a pro-Hutu. They required them to ask for permission if they want to arrange a religious gathering, they have also banned the Catholic youth movement and closed down the newspaper and radio station. However, the major Pierre Buyoya, ended all the restriction in 1996 when he served presidency (Map of World, 2012) Burundi human right has allowed them to choose their religion according to their preferences, they practiced freedom of religion. The Burundi government also considered discrimination and abuse to any religion law as a serious offence. But fortunately, the Burundians respects each other religion very well. The first Roman Catholic mission was set up in 1898,and the Protestant arrived in 1926. The Roman Catholic Church performs several social ceremonies; wedding is one of their ceremonies as well (Everyculture, 2012) And recently, they have allowed the couples that have undergone the HIV/AIDS test by showing their certificate. This action is to prevent the rise of the HIV cases and to increase people awareness about this deadly disease in Burundi. The leader of the Islam community named Mohammed el-Amin guides the populations of Muslims in Burundi (nationsencyclopedia, 2012) Even though the populations of Muslims in Burundi are considered very small, the government had ensured that they are not discriminated. Therefore, to honor the sentiments of the Muslims the government had declared Eid Al-Fitr as their national holidays of Burundi. On the other hand, Stanford (2007) stated that traditional religion is a form of animism in which physical objects are believed to have spirits. They have great respects to their dead ancestor. In the Hutu traditions, they often visit this spirit with no good intentions, whereas in Tutsi belief, the sprit’s influence is more docile. They had the beliefs that cattle has to be treated in a certain way dictated by the religion and are objects of prayer and worship. They also believed that fortune teller has a special power to connect with the sprit. The Hutu group sometimes uses their service to soothe the spirits of their ancestors. The dead ancestors are considered as an important part of their culture. They also arrange various practices and ceremonies to soothe their spirits, which are seen as powerful influences in the world of living. Social Structure Social Structure is a term that is used to show the social arrangements in society and determined the actions of the individual. The social hierarchy in Burundi was based on ethnicity and determined by occupation and heritage. In Burundi there are several ethnic groups with different social status and the Burundians usually recognized themselves according to their clans. Tutsi with about 14% of Burundi population enjoying the highest status followed with Hutu (85%) and Twa as the lowest. The Tutsi considered themselves to be an aristocratic group (royal) and sees Hutu and Twa to be their servants (Ndayizigiye, 2005). The process of group formation and perceptions differentiation was the determinant for the key leader in the group to make important decision in the communities. Early differentiation between Tutsi, Hutu and Twa may have realized in a deep psychological need for enemies. This social Hierarchy resulting a conflict between the two main ethnic groups that creates racial discrimination. However this kind of social structure is strongly politicized in Burundi nowadays. Culture’s Framework Hofstede Power distance. Judging from the culture, Burundi has a high power distance, which means that they had unequal power between their superior and follower. Besides that, high level of power distance in Burundi will affect the way they work in organizations. The people expect themselves to be told on what to do and when to do it. In a high level of power distance like Burundi, the inferiors are quite difficult to express their opinion or advice to the superiors. This also had caused the Burundians not to oppose to the higher level position in order not to lose their job. High power distance also means that Burundians would expect to be directed clearly by their chief. Thus, the Tutsi as the aristocratic group among the Burundians made most of decision-making. Decision-making will be done mostly from the top management, which will be distributed to bottom part vertically and the inferiors must follow the order from the higher level. There will be consequences or punishments if the followers do not follow the order or opposing the idea of the higher level position. Individualism vs Collectivism From our point of view, Burundians tend to work collectively towards their own people. But this collectivist relationship was built by racial based in which Burundi has Tutsi and Hutu ethnics. People will work closely with people from the same race, and may ignore people from different race. A person that has an individualistic will always be ignored in the society because the people around them also feel threatened as individualism only think about themselves and seldom think about the relationship of team in the collectivist culture. In this case, it may generate a racial-discrimination in a workplace. This kind of situation may not be good in building a proper workplace environment, where negative competition may occur in the workplace that is acceptable by the collectivist society. And by having a collectivism characteristic, they are willing to trust and help each other. They can build a better and stronger group to overcome a situation. Trompenaars Ascription vs Achievement If we see from the past history of Burundis culture, it can be considered to be more ascription. As we can see, nepotism was occurred when the eldest son of the Tutsi leader was elected to become the one who implemented a solution to solve the problems in Hutu and Tutsi. From our perspective when the societies are collectivistic, the people are more likely to be more in ascription term as they built their relationship into trust from time to time, so they will inherit what they had to the person they only trust. Basically, in the nepotism country, people will only give something important whether it is a task, job, inheritance or others to family related only. Universalism vs Particularism The rules, laws and regulations in Burundi are in particularize term in which this is how they judge of other’s people actions. They value more to rule and relationship based than rule based when it comes to business, business contracts and others. There are rules and regulations applied and have to be followed according to the contracts but it is not so absolute. There’s way to bend over the rule when the contracts are implied, unlike in the universalism term which the rules of the contracts are necessary to be followed and the one who breach the contracts have to be fined or sued. In Burundi, the relationship between ethnic and clan can affect on how the business going. They have a high sense of belonging within the ethnic that relate the business on strong relationship base. Edward T. Hall Communication The communication in Burundi happens to be an indirect and high context basis, because of the communication contain a high context information, the information begins to be implicit and misunderstood by other people. As a result, They cannot accept any comments from others society. As we can see from the clash of Hutu and Tutsi, they rather argue with each other rather than talk nicely to solve the problems. Despite that, Burundians have a strong sense of belonging to the group, they strongly bond to the family, community and in their own ethnic as well. They have a high commitment to long term relationships, and believe that relationship is a lot more important than the task. Therefore, in Burundi we are not suppose to praise someone secretly or blame someone in public because whenever we comment to a person, that will affect other people who are related to the person you comment. Project GLOBE Future Orientation The way of thinking of Burundians in doing business is more concern about the present and short-term orientation rather than future orientation. A country is able to develop better and faster when they have a good and powerful leader. A good leader should be able to adapt with the environment but in the history of Burundians, the people themselves did not give chance and trust to the leader to bring up the people to a better state in a long-term. They tend to act more spontaneously for their current problem. Meanwhile, their business planning can be considered short-term because it usually last about 2-3 years. This short orientation can affect the economic stability of the country because they do not plan for a long-term strategy Assertiveness Since Burundi has announced their independent in 1962, Burundians have been struggling in managing their political system. As what we have identified in the future orientation, the Burundians tend to think shortly by not giving a time for the country to plan and adapt. They value competitiveness, aggressiveness and more assertive towards the relationships with others. In fact, Burundi has gone through several incidents where their president was killed not long after the election. It was hard for the leader to bring trust and commitment from the Burundians, all the presidents had been trying to bring harmony to the ethnic diversity in Burundi. But again, neither Hutu nor Tutsi believed to people that are not belong to their group, to control and lead the country. This shows that the cultures of Burundi are highly assertive. Gender Egalitarianism In Burundi their gender egalitarianism is considered low which cause a great inequality on gender roles. There is a lower level of educational attainment of female compared to male. Almost all the female Burundians tends to do the house chores and take care of the children in the family, they also do a part of agricultural work such as planting. Burundians highly honour the female’s childbearing and their daily job. As for the male Burundians, they are the head of the family. Therefore, they do the most of the decision-making. They are usually making a living as farmers, doing business or taking a job in the government sectors. In the government sectors, there re almost no female employees. Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance in Burundi is high as they are the country with long history and they are resistance to change as the history. They had so many experiences in the past on what to decide decisions that avoid risk. And because they isolated to the outside world the culture is not too diverse and it is not easy to bring a new ideas into the culture and they tend to be more closed-minded that cause them not to accept any new ideas and they would likely to avoid ambiguity. In business world, they tend to follow on restricted procedures and policies in the country. To proof the business is running smooth what they need is a statistics paper that show the facts of the business. The people do not want to take any risk even though they have calculated how big or small are the risk. Humane Orientation Talking about Burundis human orientation practices, Burundians cultures are considered having a mid-level of humane orientation. This was shown by the sensitivity to racial discrimination towards different ethnic as they value high humane orientation practices. However, on the other hand, Burundians prefer to protect and see their own group as more important compare to others. Since the Belgian occupied Burundi in 1925, Tutsi was believed to have a higher power and position in the society. This has caused the Burundians, especially the Tutsi to be highly motivated by the need of power and material possession in the society. While the need for a sense of belonging and affiliation is the main reason why the Hutu motivated. Recommendation / Conclusion Leadership Style In general, the leader or manager in Burundi must have adequate adaptability skill to bring up the team. The leader must treat every individual as an individual because every individuals contributions are important. Hence, team leader should manage the pre judgement of stereotype based on their capabilities regardless of their gender, race, age and ethnic. The leadership style in Burundi is chaotic. In the past, they had done several elections to choose the right leader and unfortunately the Burundians did not accept the elected leaders in Burundi. Still, the cause of this case is because racial issues that happened in their country and it is the biggest part that influences Burundi’s problem. What had to be done is they need an effective leadership that can bring Hutu and Tutsi together and in order to accomplish that it is necessary for the leader to have a charismatic skill so that he can bring the trust to people in Burundi. When the trust is built among the two ethnics, a leader will be able to lead and inspire them with a better views and perceptions. In addition, the leader also need a transformational skills and that is to change the current situation by creating an environment where diverse people can work together and try to accept each other more willingly. Negotiations Tactics Negotiation always becomes the first stage in entering a corporate business. First of all, both parties have to be conscious and knowledgeable of sufficient information about the opposite party. In business no one would like to accept any loss. They always collaborate and try to understand each other to find a win-win solution as a part of building a good business relationship in trust and communication. In order to achieve that, relationship building must be done carefully to create an absolute understanding. Unfortunately, most people in Burundi are lack of relationship building that might affecting the negotiations negatively. By building a good relationship among the Hutu and Tutsi, people will start to decrease the racial barrier within them. If both of the ethnics are in a good term, any companies’ negotiations in Burundi will proceed accordingly. Therefore, information gathering and data sharing will be much more efficient and effective to avoid uncertainty. Giving proper and complete information will help them in developing trust among the two different views. On the other hand, since there are many misunderstood going on between the two different ethnics, it is a good thing that the Burundians have an explicit terms of persuasion because people will understand things clearly if they are to be told to the point of the problems. As nature part of negotiation, concession will happen to achieve a win-win situation. In Burundi concession should be done carefully for instance one of the party should not gave away too much that cause one side loss, because it may be result in another misunderstanding if the party of the negotiation has a ifferent mindset. After all the steps above have been done, agreement will be achieved without any regrets. Communication Tactics It is important for a country that has two different level of social structure like Burundi to critically identified the main problems that has caused the communication problems. Even though Burundians communicate in one language, they often misunderstand the meaning of the message. T hus, Burundians are expected to be patient and forgiving rather than aggressive and fierce in facing differences. Being a good listener by allowing people to talk and express their messages will definitely help them in understanding the message accurately. In order to keep the communication under control, Burundi needs a person with a knowledge that can tone down a strong statement that considered inappropriate. The person also needs to be able to adjust the timing what to be said and done. Management Tactics A term of â€Å"management† is always connected to leadership. A person must have a good understanding in Managerial functions; Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. The management tactics that Burundi can considered is to implement a proper long term planning to increase the awareness to future problems and risks. They may improve the teamwork within the diverse ethnic of the people in the work environment to bring together the people and boost up its performance. Besides that, a leader should have a high level of leadership skill, in order to communicate, motivate, inspire, and encourage employee to achieve a higher productivity. Lastly, the leader need to find a better way to control the Burundians in order to keep them in track with the company’s goals.

An Overview of the Edge City Theory

An Overview of the Edge City Theory There were a hundred thousand shapes and substances of incompleteness, wildly mingled out of their places, upside down, burrowing in the earth, aspiring in the earth, moldering in the water, and unintelligible as in any dream. - Charles Dickens on London in 1848; Garreau calls this quote the best one-sentence description of Edge City extant. Theyre called suburban business districts, major diversified centers, suburban cores, minicities, suburban activity centers, cities of realms, galactic cities, urban subcenters, pepperoni-pizza cities, superburbia, technoburbs, nucleations, disurbs, service cities, perimeter cities, peripheral centers, urban villages, and suburban downtowns but the name thats now most commonly used for places that the foregoing terms describe is edge cities. The term edge cities was coined by Washington Post journalist and author Joel Garreau in his 1991 book Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. Garreau equates the growing edge cities at major suburban freeway interchanges around America as the latest transformation of how we live and work. These new suburban cities have sprung up like dandelions across the fruited plain, theyre home to glistening office towers, huge retail complexes, and are always located close to major highways. The archetypal edge city is Tysons Corner, Virginia, outside Washington, D.C. Its located near the junctions of Interstate 495 (the D.C. beltway), Interstate 66, and Virginia 267 (the route from D.C. to Dulles International Airport). Tysons Corner wasnt much more than a village a few decades ago but today its home to the largest retail area on the east coast south of New York City (that includes Tysons Corner Center, home to six anchor department stores and over 230 stores in all), over 3,400 hotel rooms, over 100,000 jobs, over 25 million square feet of office space. Yet Tysons Corner is a city without a local civic government; much of it lies in unincorporated Fairfax County. Garreau established five rules for a place to be considered an edge city: The area must have more than five million square feet of office space (about the space of a good-sized downtown)The place must include over 600,000 square feet of retail space (the size of a large regional shopping mall)The population must rise every morning and drop every afternoon (i.e., there are more jobs than homes)The place is known as a single end destination (the place has it all; entertainment, shopping, recreation, etc.)The area must not have been anything like a city 30 years ago (cow pastures would have been nice) Garreau identified 123 places in a chapter of his book called The List as being true edge cities and 83 up-and-coming or planned edge cities around the country. The List included two dozen edge cities or those in progress in greater Los Angeles alone, 23 in metro Washington, D.C., and 21 in greater New York City. Garreau speaks to the history of the edge city: Edge Cities represent the third wave of our lives pushing into new frontiers in this half century. First, we moved our homes out past the traditional idea of what constituted a city. This was the suburbanization of America, especially after World War II. Then we wearied of returning downtown for the necessities of life, so we moved our marketplaces out to where we lived. This was the malling of America, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, we have moved our means of creating wealth, the essence of urbanism - our jobs - out to where most of us have lived and shopped for two generations. That has led to the rise of Edge City. (p. 4)

Marketing Research Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Marketing Research - Coursework Example The Supply chain is now an integral part of the manufacturer base. It is very important to avoid cancelled orders or penalties for late delivery. Process Flow: A logical process flow has been created. This details the outline steps required, to act as a basis for the design of the final version of the Supply Chain model we are going to ultimately recommend. Transportation: It is necessary to develop a transportation technique which will be able to process the predicted supply by the year 2020. This will depend on the forecasting of demand, which at times can be unpredictable. Effective Supply Chain Management: This is closely related to shareholder value. Effective supply chaining management is required, alongside global sourcing strategies to capitalise on the potential margins emerging currently in emerging markets. Product Decline in Oil Industry: The evidence indicates that products of the Oil industry in the immediate future will be handled in declining quantities, but at greater costs. This needs to be addressed via the Supply Chain protocols we intend to instigate. 3rd Party Sourcing of Supplies/Services: The recent trend has been to outsource supplies and services. This can cause problems when there are disruptions to service. Effective Supply Chain Management will enable identification of critical tasks, and the interdependencies with suppliers, in order to provide swift resolution to problems and pre-empt possible future problems in order to avoid them. Supply Chain Leadership: The effectiveness of the supply chain is only as good as the management and control of the service. Technological changes are not in themselves, enough to provide effective and efficient throughput. The greater benefits are

The Role of Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Role of Leader - Essay Example Leadership even motivates the people to improve their performance related to work and creates a positive change within an organisation. Leadership provides a new way of thinking as well as generate new ideas for effectiveness of the organizations in relation to the attainment of the organisational objectives. Leadership generally aims to bring out the best in people to make them work better and achieve a common goal (The ASPIRA Association, n.d.) In addition, leadership can also be referred as a function of creating a vision in order to obtain the desired objectives of the organisation successfully by guiding the workforce, communicating and even building trust among them and the leader so that they can work better (Oklahoma State University, 2006). The main aim of this paper is to understand different theories of leadership and their application in the organisation. Furthermore this paper will also describe the different role and style of leaders. Theories of Leadership The role of every leader is different from one another. Leaders are often observed to develop their own style of leadership and follow different leadership theories according to the requirement of the situation that they need to face in their organisations. In this regards, various theoretical frameworks or theories have been developed which explains some of the major leadership traits possessed by leaders. A few of the theories are Great man theory, Trait theory, Contingency theory, Transformational theory, Behavioural theory, and Transactional theory. According to great man theory, it is believed the people are born to lead. Leaders develop their own leadership qualities. This theory includes the members of high personality, industrial heads. On the other hand, trait theory is quite similar to the great man theory. The theory emphasizes on physical traits, tasks assigned to the leader, and social as well as personal ability of the leader among others in order to explain the leadership style. However, the contingency theory is more progressive. As per the contingency theory, leadership style should be consistent with the situation faced by the organisation to achieve the goals and objectives. In transformational theory the leaders are often observed to build a trust amid the organisational participants, motivate and engage with subordinates to increase the morality of the followers as well as the leader. The leaders also help the followers to develop their potentials and satisfy their needs with the aim to attain the desired organisational goal (Transformational Leadership, 2010). In the similar context, behavioural theory attempts to highlight the effectiveness of a leader. The behavioural theory mainly focuses on the perceptions, actions, and activities of an individual while performing any task, based on previous experience. This theory is a type of mental understanding which facilitates the actions of an entity. This theory also helps an individual or leader to take accurate decisions, which would be beneficial in accomplishing the assigned duties. It measures the confidence level and loyalty of the leader that how well they can lead and execute strategies into actions. In this theory it is believed that one has to learn effective leadership as human beings are not born with the required qualities of a good leader and thus need to develop the leadership qualit